What are the common active components and passive components? what are they?
In the process of PCB assembly, corresponding electronic components are required, which are mainly divided into two categories: active components and passive components. Do you know which components are active and which ones are passive? And what are the differences between active and passive components?
First, let's understand the difference between active and passive components. Active components are the "power sources" in electronic circuits, which require an external power source to operate. In contrast, passive components do not require an external power source to operate. This is the main distinction between active and passive components. Furthermore, they have different functional properties, where active components typically involve functions such as amplification and control, while passive components are mainly used to adjust the electrical properties of circuits.
The most common active components are transistors and integrated circuits (ICs). They have functions such as amplification, switching, and control of current and voltage flow.
Transistor: A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used as an amplifier, switch, and control element in electronic circuits. Its main function is to control the flow of current, amplifying signals, or achieving conduction and cutoff in switch circuits.
Integrated Circuit (IC): An integrated circuit integrates a large number of electronic components and functional modules on a single chip. They include microprocessors, memory units, amplifiers, timers, etc., and are widely used in various electronic devices and systems.
Common passive components include resistors, capacitors, and inductors. These components are mainly used to adjust the resistance, capacitance, and inductance characteristics of circuits.
Resistor: Resistors are used to limit the flow of current and control the resistance value in circuits, commonly used to adjust voltage and current in circuits.
Capacitor: Capacitors are used to store charge and can store and release energy in circuits. They are mainly used for filtering, coupling, and voltage stabilization in circuits.
Inductor: Inductors are mainly used to store magnetic field energy and impede changes in current. They are commonly used for filtering, impedance matching, and energy conversion in circuits.