What materials are used to make LED light boards?
For those familiar with the PCB industry, LED light boards are likely no strangers. As widely used circuit boards in the lighting field, the material most commonly associated with them is aluminum-based boards. However, depending on the specific application requirements and performance needs, LED light boards can also be made from various other materials. Let’s take a closer look at the common materials used for LED light boards and their characteristics.
1. Aluminum-based material
Aluminum-based boards are the most commonly used metal substrates for LED light boards. During manufacturing, a thermal conductive layer is typically applied to facilitate heat dissipation. These boards are known for their high strength, rapid heat dissipation, and excellent durability.
Applications: Widely used in high-power LED lights, such as streetlights and floodlights.
2. Fiberglass material
Fiberglass boards, also referred to as FR4, are a common PCB substrate and are widely used for LED light boards as well. FR4 boards are cost-effective and easy to process. However, their thermal conductivity is relatively poor, making them more suitable for low-cost and low-power LED light boards.
Applications: Ideal for manufacturing budget-friendly, low-power LED lighting products.
3. PI material
PI (polyimide) is the primary material used for flexible circuit boards, offering excellent flexibility and high-temperature resistance. PI boards are commonly used in LED strips. However, due to their weak heat dissipation, additional thermal management materials, such as thermal conductive adhesive or aluminum foil, are often applied to the back.
Applications: Primarily used in flexible lighting products like LED strips and decorative lighting.
4. Copper-based material
Copper-based boards provide superior thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and durability compared to aluminum-based boards. However, they come at a higher cost and are more challenging to manufacture. As such, copper-based boards are generally used in high-power, high-precision, or rugged environments.
Applications: Suitable for high-power LED lighting, precision devices, and applications requiring operation in harsh environments, such as industrial lights or automotive headlights.
5. Ceramic material
Ceramic boards, made from materials such as aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or silicon nitride, boast exceptional thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and high-temperature resistance. Ceramic substrates can withstand temperatures above 600°C without degradation or performance loss, making them incredibly durable. However, they also come with drawbacks, such as fragility, high cost, and complex manufacturing processes.
Applications: Primarily used in high-end products, including UV LED curing equipment, aerospace lighting, medical lighting, and other scenarios requiring premium performance.